96% in the RFS with respect to RTS ( p < 0.05 ). Similarly, the linear momentum��s vertical component of the upper limbs (py ul ) was increased by 25.69% ( p < 0.05 ) in favour of the RFS. Also, the horizontal component (px ul ) was increased by 31.01% in the RTS with respect to RFS ( p < 0.05 ) and the linear momentum��s vertical Sorafenib Tosylate chemical structure component of the trunk (py tc ) was significantly increased by 88.29% in the same condition ( p < 0.05 ) ( Table 2 ). Interestingly, the linear momentum��s vertical component of the lower limbs (py ll ) and the linear momentum��s horizontal component of the trunk (px tc ) did not differ between both conditions. With regards to the kinematic data, the take-off angle (�� t ) was decreased in the RFS series with respect to RTS: (�� = �C 12.07% with p < 0.05 ).

Moreover, the shoulder joint��s angle at the take-off (�� s ) was increased by 35.48% ( p < 0.05 ) and the hip joint��s angular displacement (�� h ) was increased by 30.23% ( p < 0.05 ). The hip joint��s angle at the take-off (�� h ) was increased in RTS series with respect to RFS: (�� = 19.88% with p < 0.05 ). Likewise, the angular velocity of the hip joint (�� h ): (�� = 21.93% with p < 0.05 ) and the horizontal displacement of the COM (dx): (�� = 8.39% with p < 0.05 ) were all increased. Moreover, the vertical displacement of the COM (dy) was decreased in RTS with respect to RFS: (�� = 37.09% with p < 0.05 ) and the same was observed for the vertical velocity (vy): (�� = 20.62% with p < 0.05 ). The angular velocity of the shoulder joint (�� s ) and the knee joint (�� k ) did not vary during the different backswings connection series.

In the same way, the knee joint��s angle (�� k ), the angular displacement at the shoulder joint (�� s ) and the knee joint (�� k ) remained almost identical during the take-off. Finally, the horizontal velocity of the COM (vx) was approximately equal ( Table 1 ). Discussion Two crucial biomechanical criteria are considered when assessing the technical performance of backswing connection in back acrobatic series: vertical velocity at the take-off and vertical elevation of the gymnast��s centre of mass during the aerial phase of the somersault. With a better velocity and elevation of the COM, the stability of landing is much more secured, particularly when combined with longitudinal rotations (twists).

This study is focused on the variables that could affect take-off phases by comparing them between two different acrobatic series. The different backswing connection did not affect the direct kinetic data at the take-off during the stretched back somersault. The vertical force and the maximal rate of force development remained almost identical. Moreover, the indirect Entinostat kinetic data showed a significant difference ( p < 0.05 ). The RTS connection allowed a larger linear momentum of the trunk on the vertical axis and the upper limbs on the horizontal axis ( Figure 2a and 2b ).

Ethics committee approval The Institutional Ethics Committee permission was taken prior to initiation of the study (EC No: EC/OA-79/2010 dated October 14, 2010). As the research has minimal risk involved so the ethics committee allowed Tofacitinib citrate us to take verbal consent. The script of the verbal consent was used to take consent of the residents. The resident doctor involved was identified with a code number and privacy and confidentiality was maintained regarding the data throughout the study and also during the publication. Sample size Allopathic resident doctors from clinical branches of this institute were identified and included in the study. Other resident doctors from nonclinical branches were excluded. A total of 100 resident doctors (minimum 10% of total 750 residents required) were randomly selected by using computer generated charts.

Data collection tool We developed a pretested, structured questionnaire based on our study objectives, taking guidance from the previous literature.[10],[11] It was subjected to a thorough peer review by three senior teachers from the college. It was subsequently modified as per suggestions of the teachers and the final questionnaire consisted of 19 multiple choice questions and open ended questions. The questionnaire was prepared to assess KAP toward Ayurvedic medicine use. Each participant was allotted 20 minutes to answer the questions in the form of options which he/she feels is appropriate to answer. The questionnaire consisted of several parts. The first part pertained to a collection of demographic information of the residents: Age, gender, academic year, and faculty.

The questions in the second part of the questionnaire assessed the residents?? knowledge about Ayurvedic drugs and therapy, and their attitude toward Ayurveda practice. The third part of the questionnaire addressed questions related to their clinical practices related to Ayurveda. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was done by using descriptive statistics. Data were collected in a predesigned Microsoft? Excel 2007. Continuous variables were presented as mean values ?? standard deviation (SD), and categorical variables were presented as percentages. RESULTS A total of 112 residents were approached, out of which 100 agreed to fill the questionnaire form, resulting in response rate of 89%. Total 73% of residents were male.

Out of 100 residents, 57 residents were working in medicine Cilengitide and allied departments, for example, pediatrics, skin, psychiatry, etc., and remaining 43 were from surgical departments, for example, orthopedics, ear, nose, and throat (ENT), ophthalmology, etc., Average age of residents is 26.47 ?? 1.65 years. Out of the 100 resident doctors Gemcitabine injection interviewed, 48% had knowledge and could answer about Doshas, 52% had no knowledge.

This is also the same result as the present study found to indicate a significant change (Figure ?(Figure3).3). Unfortunately, no comparable studies are available regarding individual change on AQT. This study used a statistical method (RCI) to determine treatment responders according to the MMSE and AQT. The clinical relevance of best an MMSE improvement of at least 3 points or an AQT improvement of at least 16 seconds is uncertain. In the entire population, the clinical relevance of a mean AQT improvement of 10.8% and a mean MMSE improvement of 3.7% is also uncertain. It is important to note that these values were only used to compare the MMSE and AQT as evaluation instruments. To determine a clinically meaningful AQT or MMSE change, a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) must be defined.

One approach to determine the MCID for AD could be to measure the natural history of decline over 12 months or longer in a large group of patients by using AQT, the MMSE, and a global rating of the cognitive performance. A definition of MCID could then be the percentage of change on the MMSE or AQT that is anchored against the natural history of global change in AD. According to the cut-off values, AQT detected significantly more responders after 8 weeks of treatment than did the MMSE (34% compared with 17%; P = 0.026), while falsely detecting 5% responders when no treatment was given (Figure ?(Figure3).3). This indicates that AQT is a more-sensitive evaluation tool, which is further emphasized by the changes on a group level.

AQT improved significantly more after treatment than did the MMSE when accounting for disease progression (Figure ?(Figure2).2). The more-pronounced sensitivity of AQT compared with the MMSE might be explained by their different scales and the different cognitive functions that are measured. Studies have shown that ChEI mostly improves attention GSK-3 [13,14], which is one of the main cognitive domains measured by AQT. It is possible that the treatment response in our study could have been higher if all ChEI doses had been increased after 4 weeks of treatment (the dose was often increased after 8 weeks). This should, however, not affect the comparison between AQT and the MMSE. Intuitively, it seems that patients who exhibit the right characteristics initially to have a positive treatment response would continue to benefit from the medication.

This assumption has been debated, and to determine whether it is true, the reliability and validity of the evaluation instrument must be high. In our study, we found that the AD patients who were classified as treatment responders by AQT after 8 weeks of treatment still performed significantly http://www.selleckchem.com/products/kpt-330.html better on AQT after 6 months, compared with the patients classified as nonresponders after 8 weeks (22.6 seconds in mean difference; P < 0.0001).

Stavropoulos et al. (9) reported removal of another type of retrievable filter (Recovery filter; Bard, customer reviews Tempe, AZ, USA) using rigid bronchoscopy forceps when the filter tip was tilted and embedded in the IVC wall. The snare-over-guide wire loop technique that was used in the present case was also reported to be useful when the hook of the GTF is refractory to capture using the snare in standard methods (4). However, our case raised the alarm that during filter retrieval by such a modified method, the unexpected could occur, such as migration of the GTF. To our knowledge, only one case of right arterial migration of a GTF was reported previously, although the migration occurred at implantation and not during withdrawal (10).

In conclusion, the experience of the present case shows that care must be taken with regard to the direction of the hook in implanting a GTF. An improperly directed hook might lead to failure in retrieval with standard methods and to complications such as right arterial migration of the GTF during a modified retrieval procedure. However, despite this complication, by directly snaring the hook with the second retrieval set, the GTF was successfully removed in the present case.
Polyarthritis nodosa (PAN), which predominantly involves small-to-medium-sized arteries such as the renal arteries and arteries in the skin, rarely involves the female genital tract (1, 2). Although computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have previously revealed PAN by in the renal and gastrointestinal tract arteries, it has not revealed PAN in the female genital tract.

Reported is a case of an elderly woman with PAN of the uterus confirmed by CT and MRI. Case report A 78-year-old woman with a history of hepatitis B and Sj?gren syndrome was admitted to a local clinic near her house experiencing prolonged fever and leg pain. After being transferred to our hospital, a complete physical examination revealed leg livedo. She did not notice atypical genital bleeding. Laboratory tests showed high levels of C-reactive protein, a high white blood cell count and a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The patient’s tumor markers were normal, except for high CA-125. In order to exclude aortitis, focal infection, or malignancy, a whole-body contrast-enhanced multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) examination was performed and three-dimensional CT angiography (3-D CTA) was reconstructed.

Transaxial images and maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the MDCT showed multiple microaneurysms in the liver (Fig. 1a and b) and irregularity and ectasia of the celiac and renal arteries (Fig. 1c). Multiple microaneurysms in the liver and irregularity and ectasia of the renal arteries were seen with Carfilzomib 3-D CTA (Fig. 1d). Transaxial images of the MDCT showed that the patient’s uterus was large for her age (Fig. 2). In order to rule out endometrial cancer, pelvic MRI was performed.

However, the effects of nicotine has been disputed, some claim that the blood flow is reduced73 and others claim it is significantly increased74 or unchanged.75 The studies which show that PD values were higher in smokers than non-smokers are also present in literature.3,5,12,16,69,70,76,77 selleck chemical Tubacin A significant positive correlation has been shown between smoking and CAL.11,15,69,70,77,78 In the present study, PD and CAL values were also higher in S (+) than S (?). The reason of increased PD and CAL levels in smokers may be depend on accumulation of dental plaque and poor oral hygiene.68,69,79 In S (+) group, it was found negative correlation between CAL and the level of RBC in serum values and positive correlations with MCH and MCHC. In this study group, it was found positive correlations between mean PD values and the levels of MCV, MCH and MCHC in serum.

According to the results of this study, it seems that smoking is an important factor to affect erythrocytes and related parameters. CONCLUSIONS From the results of the present study, it can be stated that cigarette smoking could have an effect on the numbers of erythrocytes and the levels of hemoglobin hematocrit and iron in serum. Additionally, although cigarette smoking does not affect the degree of gingival inflammation, the amount of dental plaque, probing depth and clinical attachment loss were higher in smokers.
The aim of root canal treatment is to achieve a hermetical apical and coronal seal following shaping and disinfection of the whole root canal system.

In recent years, endodontic leakage studies focused on the quality of apical seal of canal system and showed that the present root filling materials and techniques failed to create an ideal seal.1�C3 Although gutta-percha is a commonly used material, it is generally accepted that gutta-percha and endodontic sealers do not provide a fluid-tight seal.4 Gutta-percha have an important disadvantage such as lack of bonding to canal dentin and sealers.5 Such disadvantage of gutta-percha have led to a call for a new and improved product. ResilonTM (EpiphanyTM, Pentron Clinical Technologies, Wallingford, CT, USA), a thermoplastic synthetic polymer-based root canal filling material, has been introduced as an alternative to gutta-percha and traditional root canal sealers. EpiphanyTM is a dual curable resin composite used as sealer combined with ResilonTM points.

According to the manufacturer, EpiphanyTM sealer bonds both to dentin and also to the root-canal filling material. This may be an important fact to eliminate microleakage since it is well-known that microleakage occurs not only through sealer-dentin GSK-3 but also through sealer and root canal filling material interfaces.6,7 Both cold lateral compaction and contemporary single cone techniques produce a mass of gutta-percha leaving space filled with sealer.8 Thermoplasticized gutta-percha techniques were introduced in order to improve the three-dimensional filling of root canals.

Of these 29 samples following performance of the WG-DASL array, 16 (55%) samples (HCC-R: 8/10 (80%) and HCC-NR: 8/20 (40%)) met the data analysis QC standard and were selected for further comparative Ixazomib Ki gene expression analysis (Figure 2). Overall, 14 (47%) of the samples were excluded from the final analysis. Figure 2 Experimental strategy for comparative transcriptome analysis of HCV-associated HCC with or without recurrence, using FFPE tissue to determine molecular signatures of HCC recurrence. 3.3. Transcriptome Analysis Defines Differentially Regulated Genes, and Major Canonical Pathways Are Associated with Recurrence of HCC The comparative transcriptome analyses aimed at identifying molecular signatures representative of HCC recurrence were carried out as described in Figure 2.

Hierarchical clustering by gene expression segregated all HCC-R from HCC-NR. A total of 194 genes were identified to be differentially expressed, with 151 genes upregulated and 43 downregulated in HCC-R (Figure 3). Figure 3 Hierarchical clustering for 194 genes differentially expressed in HCC-R (FDR corrected ��0.05). For visual comparison, genes differentially expressed in HCC-R and HCC-NR were clustered by the TreeView program. The red color represents genes upregulated, … The biological significance of the altered gene expression pattern described above was investigated by classifying the associated gene within the context of biologically relevant functions using IPA.

HCC with recurrence exhibited enrichment of upregulated genes mapping to signaling or disease pathways associated with cell cycle regulators (CDKN2B, E2F2, E2F5, GNL3, HDAC2, MDM2, MYC, and PA2G4), including the genes that encode the proteins that control molecular mechanisms of cancer (FANCD2, FZD3, PLCB1, and PMAIP1). (P < 0.0001; Table 2). Gene-encoding proteins implied that nucleo-cytoplasmic transport was also overexpressed (KPNA2, KPNB1, RANBP1, and RCC1). The presence of downregulated pathways reflects the concurrent downregulation of directly related genes categorized in nicotine degradation, complement system, hepatic cholestasis, and catecholamine biosynthesis (P < 0.001; Table 2). FXR/RXR activation, which is associated with hepatoprotection [53], was downregulated in recurrent HCC tumors. Table 2 Top canonical pathways: significant molecular pathways regulated in HCC-R. 3.4. Network Analysis Defines Top-Scoring Upregulated Genes Associated with HCC Recurrence Interestingly, when network analysis was performed, which allows exploration of the biological relationship Brefeldin_A between any two genes, it was seen that the largest number of genes with higher expression in HCC-R tumor tissue was dominated by major transcriptional regulators.

SCN had been reported to be far less frequent and severe in HbSC and HbAS than other phenotypes [4, 5]. Hyperfiltration assessed than by estimated GFR is found in only 5%, albuminuria in 7%, and chronic renal failure in 2% of young HbSC patients compared with 51%, 59%, and 7%, respectively, in SCA patients [5]. Sickle cell-associated glomerulopathy is also rarely encountered in HbSC patients. However, further data are needed to address the issue as to whether HbSC may be an additional risk factor for chronic kidney diseases from other causes, as recently suggested for patients with sickle cell trait [4]. Twenty-five to thirty percent of SCD patients were reported to have proteinuria, and 5�C18% of them develop renal failure [6, 7]. SCN constitute 0.

11% Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of ESRD reported in the United States renal data survey (USRDS); 93% of them were African American. SCD was documented as risk factor for Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries development of ESRD [5]. The mean age of the patient was 23 to 40 years, and survival was found to be 4 years [3, 8, 9]. Several mechanisms had been Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries proposed as cause of various Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries glomerular and tubular changes in patients with SCN. These proposed mechanisms include glomerular and tubular ischaemia, iron overload and subsequent deposition in the kidneys, continued intracapillary fragmentation and phagocytosis of sickled red cells, immune complex formations, FSGS associated with glomerular hyperfiltration, and/or intrinsic glomerular capillary injury [10]. The pathophysiology of SCN (Figure 1) is related to the normal renal medullar environment which is characterised by low oxygen tension, low pH, and high osmolality.

These conditions in Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries SCD patients predispose to red blood cell sickling, increased blood viscosity leading to ischemia, and eventual infarction of renal microcirculation. Glomerular ischemia leads to compensatory increase in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The resulting hyperfiltration, combined with glomerular hypertrophy, probably contributes to glomerulosclerosis. As glomerulosclerosis becomes more extensive, the GFR starts to decrease and nonselective proteinuria may result leading to chronic kidney disease and subsequently ESRD [11�C13]. Red blood cell (RBC) sickling in the vasa rectae is believed to interfere with the countercurrent exchange mechanism in the inner medulla. The resulting impairment of free water resorption manifests clinically as nocturia or polyuria [14, 15].

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of pathophysiology of SCN. Furthermore, ischemia involving the renal medulla will also lead to the inability to maintain a hydrogen ion gradient (causing an incomplete form of distal renal tubular acidosis) and an electrochemical gradient (leading to hyperkalemia) along the collecting ducts. Gross hematuria can be Anacetrapib secondary to papillary necrosis resulting from medullary ischemia and infarction.

Given the small power in this subgroup analysis, further analysis of this patient population is necessary to access its clinical impact. No optimal treatment of diastolic dysfunction exists. The objectives of therapy for left Rapamycin clinical trial ventricular diastolic dysfunction include improvement of preload and afterload hemodynamics [25]. Ace inhibitors and angiotensin inhibitors may provide some additional benefit given their reduction in both pre- and afterload as well as interstitial fibrosis [16]. Additionally, heart rate control is also imperative given its prolongation of left ventricular filling to counterbalance the resistance of inflow due to the stiffened ventricle. Our study has several limitations. This is a retrospective single-center review and has inherent limitations associated with all retrospective studies.

The lung transplant patients are also highly selected in accordance with our selection protocol. As a result, there may have been a selection bias as the study does not include recipients Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries and experience Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries from other centers. In summary, there are many different factors that need to be accounted for when deciding to evaluate and list patients for lung transplantation. A team approach incorporating the surgeon, pulmonologist, and cardiologist is necessary to ensure optimum outcomes in this difficult and challenging group of patients. Pretransplant recipient variables significantly influence early and late survival following lung transplantation, suggesting that some patients Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries face a higher than average risk of mortality during the first year after transplant, as well as severely diminished longer-term survival, that challenges the goals of equitable organs allocation.

Further investigation regarding transplant variables are needed to help develop better guidelines, which will ultimately help with optimal utilization of these scarce organs. The present study demonstrates that prelung transplant invasive and echocardiographic findings of elevated pulmonary pressures, and abnormal left ventricular diastolic Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries function are not predictive of adverse posttransplant clinical events. Acknowledgments Statistical analyses were supported by Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute (Grants UL1TR000124 and UL1RR033176).
Lung transplantation continues to be hampered by the number of available donors [1, 2].

Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has emerged as an essential tool for the reassessment, Cilengitide under a controlled scenario, of lungs from heart-beating donors (HBDs) that initially did not meet transplantation criteria [3�C8]. The method is also an excellent tool for reassessing lungs of donors after cardiac death (DCD) [9, 10]. The use of DCD lungs has gained much interest lately. DCDs are classified according to the Maastricht classification and may be subdivided as controlled and uncontrolled [11].

Sequences were aligned using CLUSTALW, and phylogenetic … Different growth temperatures (23��C, 25��C, 28��C, 32��C, 35��C, 37��C, 50��C) were tested; no growth occurred at 23��C, 25��C, 28��C and 50��C, growth occurred between 32�� and 37��C, and optimal growth was observed Nintedanib BIBF 1120 at 37��C. Colonies are punctiform, very small, grey, dry and round on blood-enriched Columbia agar under anaerobic conditions using GENbag anaer (BioM��rieux). Bacteria were grown on blood-enriched Columbia agar (Biomerieux), in BHI broth medium, and in Trypticase-soja TS broth medium, under anaerobic conditions using GENbag anaer (BioM��rieux), under microaerophilic conditions using GENbag microaer (BioM��rieux) and in the presence of air, with 5%CO2. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries They also were grown under anaerobic conditions on BHI agar, and on BHI agar supplemented with 1% NaCl.

Growth was achieved only anaerobically, on blood-enriched Columbia agar, and weakly on BHI agar, and BHI agar supplemented with 1% NaCl after 72h incubation. Gram staining showed round non spore-forming Gram-positive cocci (Figure 2). The motility test was negative. Cells grow anaerobically in TS broth medium have a mean diameter of 1.140��m Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries (min = 0.955��m; max = 1.404��m), as determined using electron microscopic observation after negative staining (Figure 3). Figure 2 Gram staining of A. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries pacaensis strain 9403502T Figure 3 Transmission electron microscopy of A. pacaensis strain 9403502T, using a Morgani 268D (Philips) at an operating voltage of 60kV. The scale bar represents 500 nm. Strain 9403502T exhibited catalase activity but no oxidase activities.

Using API 20A, a positive reaction Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries could be observed only weekly for Gelatinase. Using Api Zym, a positive reaction was observed for alkaline phosphatase (5nmol of hydrolyzed substrata), acid phosphatase (5nmol), naphtolphosphohydrolase (5nmol), and hyaluronidase (40nmol). Using Api rapid id 32A, a positive reaction could be observed only for beta glucuronydase and pyroglutamic acid arylamidase. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility, A. pacaensis was susceptible to penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefotetan, imipenem, metronidazole and vancomycin. When compared to the representative species within the genus Anaerococcus, A. pacaensis exhibits the phenotypic characteristics details in Table 2 [40]. Table2 Differential characteristics Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of Anaerococcus pacaensis sp. nov., strain 9403502T, A.

octavius strain NCTC 9810T, and A. tetradius strain DSM 2951T. Matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS protein analysis was carried out Entinostat as previously described [41]. A pipette tip was used to pick one isolated bacterial colony from a culture agar plate, and to spread it as a thin film on a MTP 384 MALDI-TOF target plate (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Ten distinct deposits were done for strain 9403502T from ten isolated colonies.

A similar finding was reported by Chong et al.[18] This could be because of marginal breakdown of resin-modified zinc oxide eugenol and high polymerization shrinkage of LC GIC. However, Alhadainy and Himel[23] reported less dye penetration for LC GIC followed by Cavit �C a zinc oxide eugenol-based cement. According to them, the superiority of glass ionomer was because of www.selleckchem.com/products/Cisplatin.html its ability to adhere to dentin. In addition, LC GIC had good flow property that helped it seal the apical end of the furcal perforation. Materials versus positive control Highly significant results were found when the microleakage values for MTA and composite resin (except LC GIC and resin-modified zinc oxide eugenol) were compared using one-way ANOVA analysis and Student’s t-test.

The positive control group received no retrograde root filling in the retrograde root cavities. But, when LC GIC and resin-modified zinc oxide eugenol were compared with the positive control, although the mean values for microleakage with LC GIC and resin-modified zinc oxide eugenol were less, the difference found was non-significant. This could again be due to marginal breakdown of resin-modified zinc oxide eugenol and high polymerization shrinkage of LC GIC. Materials versus negative control Similarly, when MTA was compared with the negative control group using Student’s t-test, a highly significant relation was found. The negative control group did not allow any microleakage as the tip was also coated with two coats of nail polish. This was done to confirm that the experiment performed under standard conditions was showing true results.

CONCLUSION All the four materials used in the study showed some microleakage throughout the experimental period Of the four materials used, MTA displayed minimum microleakage while microleakage with resin-modified zinc oxide eugenol was found to be maximum LC GIC and resin-modified zinc oxide eugenol displayed almost similar values for dye leakage Except LC GIC, all the materials showed a constant non-significant increase in microleakage on being aged from 0 h to 1 week LC GIC showed an initial increase in microleakage till 72 h, which decreased at the end of 96 h, and again increased at 1 week, although these variations were statistically non-significant Thus, the sealing ability in terms of microleakage can be summarized as: MTA > Composite resin with dentin bonding agent > Light cured glass ionomer cement > Resin modified zinc oxide eugenol. Footnotes Dacomitinib Source of Support: Nil Conflict of Interest: None declared.
Male albino rats of Wistar Kyoto strain weighing about 200-220 g were procured from National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India. The animals were housed in solid bottom polypropylene cages.