This trend is mainly driven by the consumer www.selleckchem.com/products/Bicalutamide(Casodex).html market, where portable digital devices have moved to smaller form factors and thus require smaller imaging sensors. For instance, Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries imaging sensors with pixels measuring only 1.4 ��m are available [1]. Unfortunately, this selleck chem inhibitor miniaturization can cause a loss of performance, for example a lower Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries dynamic range of the sensors [2]. Furthermore, the maximum signal that can be Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries recorded by the sensor depends on the full-well capacity of a pixel. In general, small pixels offer a lower full-well capacity [3] compared to sensors with larger pixel size and thus can be saturated more easily by intense light sources.

While this may not represent a problem for Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries consumer video cameras, it can have a serious impact for sensors used in security or defence applications.

The intentional dazzling of sensors by intense Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries light sources, in particular by high-power lasers, is a conceivable threat.More than 50 years after Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries the invention of the laser, the technological progress has made very compact but nevertheless powerful laser sources possible [4]. These days, hand-held laser pointers emitting in the visible spectral region with output powers up to one watt are available freely on the market. In the visible spectral region, lasers of any wavelength can be produced. The consequence of that increasing availability of such laser sources is, however, the increase in misuse of such devices and represents a serious hazard.

In civil environments, particularly aircraft crews as well as motorists are considered to be candidates for dazzling attacks [5,6].

In such cases, the disturbance of the vision can be catastrophic. Besides that, not only Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries for the human eye but also for electro-optical sensors used in autonomous or surveillance systems, dazzle Drug_discovery Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries is a severe problem [7]. An adequate protection against dazzling for these sensors is desirable.Current laser protection measures typically involve the use of conventional optical filters based on absorption or interference effects. Unfortunately, these devices only work in a limited wavelength range, and moreover, they may introduce a strong colour distortion in the visible spectral range.

The colour distortion can be minimized or reduced by making use of narrow-band notch filters, which is at the expense of broadband safety. Therefore, sophisticated anti-dazzling Dacomitinib protection concepts which do not selleck chem Gefitinib influence the system performance are required.

A perfect protection measure for electro-optical sensors should fulfil various requirements, among them:Broadband protection in the complete operating wavelength selleck Ganetespib range of the sensor. Ideally, the protection measure is able to protect against several different wavelengths at the same time.Sufficient attenuation of dazzling laser light, while offering a high transmittance for non-dazzling radiation.No colour distortion is introduced in the sensor image due to the protection measure.