Any evidence of suspect

effort including any positive findings on any indicator of negative response bias or symptom exaggeration was grounds for exclusion from this group. Moderate–severe TBI/Not MND (n = 42): To be included in this group, patients must have experienced at least a moderate TBI as defined above. Any evidence of suspect effort including any positive findings on any indicator of negative response bias or symptom exaggeration was grounds for exclusion from this group. Mild TBI/MND (n = 34): To be included in this group, patients must have experienced no more than a mild TBI as defined above and met criteria for at least Probable MND as defined above. Seven moderate–severe TBI patients met criteria for MND, but the PCI-32765 chemical structure sample size was too small for meaningful analysis; thus, they are not included in the study. The Stroop Color and Word Test (Golden & Freshwater, 2002) was administered as

part of a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment battery. This test consists of three trials, each with 100 items, presented across 5 columns of 20 items. The following Stroop raw scores were obtained: Word raw score (i.e., number of words read within the 45-second time limit during the first trial), Color raw score (i.e., the number of colors identified VX-809 research buy within the 45-second time limit during the second trial), and Color–Word raw score (i.e., the number of items correctly identified with the 45-second time limit during the final trial). These raw scores were utilized to calculate an ‘interference’ score according to the methods outlined in the test manual (Golden & Freshwater, 2002). In addition to raw scores, age- and education-corrected

scores were generated. The test manual learn more provides a procedure for generating age- and education-corrected scores and involves deriving a predicted score based on the age and education level of the patient. The patient’s actual score is subtracted from the predicted score to produce a deviation or residual score. These residual raw scores can be converted into a T-score, but raw scores were used for statistical analyses in the present study to avoid truncation of range. Analysis of T-scores found results almost identical to the residual raw scores, but were less precise due to truncation, supporting the use of raw scores in the study. The planned analyses will begin with a series of analyses of variance (ANOVAs) comparing the groups on demographic information to determine whether there are differences in age, education, or months since injury between the groups. ANOVAs will also be conducted comparing the groups on the four Stroop scores. Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analyses will then be performed on each of the significant Stroop variables to examine overall classification accuracy of each variable using the mild TBI/not MND and MND groups.