Intravital microscopy was used to monitor the rolling and adhesion of platelets and leukocytes that were labeled with different fluorochromes. Regional cerebral blood flow was measured with laser Doppler flowmetry.
The platelet-leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were observed 30 minutes, 2 hours, and 8 hours after SAH. The effect of P-selectin antibody and apocynin, an inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine MK-8776 molecular weight dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, on these responses was examined at 2 hours after SAH, and compared with a different SAH model in which autologous blood was injected into the foramen magna.
RESULTS: SAH was accompanied by a 60% decrease in regional cerebral blood flow, whereas no changes in regional cerebral blood flow were observed on the contralateral side. SAH elicited time- and size-dependent increases in rolling and adherent platelets and leukocytes in cerebral venules. All of these interactions were attenuated by treatment with a P-selectin antibody or apocynin. There was no significant blood cell recruitment observed in the blood-injected SAH model.
CONCLUSION: SAH at the skull base induced P-selectin- and oxygen radical-mediated platelet-leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in venules at the cerebral surface. These early inflammatory and
prothrombogenic responses may cause a whole-brain injury immediately after SAH.”
“This study reports a novel method for the rapid detection and identification of the four recognized species in the pestivirus CH5183284 nmr genus of the Flaviviridae family, i.e. classical swine fever virus (CSFV), border disease virus (BDV), bovine viral diarrhoea
virus type 1 (BVDV1) and type 2 (BVDV2). The analysis of pestivirus PCR products was performed on microarrays by means of magnetic bead detection. The process utilizes an oligonucleotide array, onto which 5′ biotinylated PCR products were hybridized, followed by visualization with streptavidin-coated magnetic particles by the naked eye, microscope or biochip reader. The assay was tested Nutlin-3a mouse on a collection of pestiviruses that included all four species and allowed a specific and sensitive detection. Sensitivity was compared with other post-PCR detection methods, namely gel electrophoresis and suspension microarray. The results indicate that due to its high sensitivity, specificity and simple detection procedure, the magnetic bead assay provides a powerful tool for detection and identification of viral pathogens. Considering the simplicity of the assay, the protocols for hybridization and magnetic bead detection offer an emerging application for molecular diagnoses in virology that is amenable for use in a modestly equipped laboratory. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of hypothermia on metabolic compartmentalization in an animal model.