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“Aim: MicroRNA-34a (miR-34a) is associated with invasion and metastasis of various cancers. The trophoblastic cells DNA Damage inhibitor of placenta accreta invade into the myometrium in a similar way to the invasion of cancers. We studied the roles of miR-34a in the pathogenesis of placenta accreta. Methods: The human choriocarcinoma cell line JAR was used for in vitro experiments as a model of trophoblasts, and placental tissues from the operative specimen of patients with or without placenta accreta were used for experiments in vivo. Morpholino antisense oligomer against miR-34a (miR-34a Morpho/AS) was added to JAR, and the expression of miR-34a and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was determined by real time PCR. The effects of antisense, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 in the process of invasion were studied with an invasion assay. Expression of miR-34a in vivo was studied with the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: Expression of miR-34a was inhibited by 65% with the administration of antisense, and a slight increase in miR-34a expression

was observed with the addition of IL-6 and IL-8. PAI-1 expression decreased with the addition of IL-6 and IL-8, and increased with the administration of antisense. There was an increase in invasive capacity through the inhibition of miR-34a expression. Strong FISH see more expression of miR-34a was observed in trophoblast cells of non-placenta accreta, and a clear decrease in miR-34a expression was observed in those of placenta accreta. Conclusions: Expression of miR-34a was downregulated in placenta accreta. In vitro experiments also showed that the invasive potential

selleck inhibitor of JAR increased by suppressing miR-34a, probably through the expression of PAI-1.”
“Lead is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal with unique physical and chemical properties that make it suitable for a great variety of applications. Because of its high persistence in the environment and its use since ancient times for many industrial activities, lead is a common environmental and occupational contaminant widely distributed around the world. Even though the toxic effects of lead and its compounds have been investigated for many years in a variety of systems, the data existing with regard to its mutagenic, clastogenic and carcinogenic properties are still contradictory. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified lead as possible human carcinogen (group 2B) and its inorganic compounds as probable human carcinogens (group 2A). Furthermore, although the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of lead remain still unclear, there are some studies that point out indirect mechanisms of genotoxicity such as inhibition of DNA repair or production of free radicals. This article reviews the works listed in the literature that use different parameters to evaluate the genotoxic effects of lead in vitro, in vivo and in epidemiological studies. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd.