4, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM NaF, 1% NP-40) and Complete™ protease inhibitor (Roche, NJ, USA). Cytoplasmic and nuclear lysates were prepared in a hypotonic buffer (10 mM click here HEPES, pH7.9, 50 mM KCl, 0.5 mM DTT, 0.5 mM Na3VO4, 5% glycerol, 0.2% NP-40, and Complete™ protease inhibitor) and a high salt buffer (10 mM HEPES, pH7.9, 50 mM KCl, 0.5 mM DTT, 0.5 mM Na3VO4, 20% glycerol, 420 mM NaCl, and Complete™ protease inhibitor), respectively. Primary antibodies for Western blotting include antibodies

to phospho-Jak1, phospho-Jak3, pY-STAT6, pY-STAT1, Jak1, Jak3, STAT6, STAT2, STAT1, hnRNPA1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), pY-STAT2 (Cell signaling Technology, Beverley, MA, USA), p48 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), and α-tubulin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Western blot analysis was performed as described 40. CHIP assay was carried out as previously described 5. Treated cells were cross-linked using 1% formaldehyde, lysed, and sonicated in SDS lysis buffer. The DNA-protein complexes were immunoprecipitated with anti-STAT6 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) for overnight and then protein A/G agarose bead for 1 h. After washing, elution, and reversion of cross-links, the precipitated DNA was isolated and used in PCR (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) or quantitative

PCR (Eppendorf AG) reactions. The primers were designed from CD23b Selleck Acalabrutinib promoter region of Ramos B cells (GeneBank: FN597106). CD23b p(♯1) – 5′ agcaatgacccttagctactgc 3′, 5′ aggagggtgttgaatcagaaaa 3′, CD23b p(♯2) – 5′ atggggagaatccaagcaggac 3′, 5′ tccactccttcctggctctgtg 3 The cytoplasmic extracts (500 μg proteins) were incubated with the indicated primary antibodies for 12 h at 4°C. Protein A/G-agarose beads (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) were added, after which the bound proteins were analyzed by Western blot as described 40. Fix-permeabilized cells were stained with primary antibodies (STAT2, pY-STAT6,

p48, and α-tubulin), followed by incubation with fluorescence-conjugated secondary antibodies (Alexa-488: Molecular probe, Eugene, OR, USA SPTBN5 and TRITC: Biofix®, Tampere, Finland). Nuclear staining was performed with Hoechst 33342 (Molecular probe). After extensive washing, cells were analyzed by using a confocal microscope (LSM 510 Meta DuoScan, Carl Zeiss Micro Imaging GmbH, Germany) equipped with a 100× oil-emersion objective. The densitometric analysis of immunoblots was performed with MCID analysis software version 7.0 (Imaging Research, Canada). All experiments were performed at least in three independent experiments. The values are presented as mean±SEM. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t-test using MS Office Excel 2007 program. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. This work was supported by research grants from KRF (2009-0072834 and 2010-0002726), MOHW (A084298) and 2009 Samsung Research Fund awarded to C.-E. Lee. S.-H. Kim was supported in part by BK21 program.