5 mm, a wall thickness of about 45 mu m, and a geometric compression ratio of about 6.0. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 121: 2835-2842, 2011″
“Background: The interaction of nutrients Selleck FK506 with the small intestine modulates gastropyloroduodenal motility, stimulates the release of gut hormones, and suppresses appetite and energy intake.
Objective: We evaluated which, if any, of these variables are independent determinants of acute energy intake in healthy, lean men.
Design: We pooled data from 8 published studies that involved a total of 67 healthy, lean men in whom antropyloroduodenal pressures, gastrointestinal hormones, and perceptions were measured during intraduodenal nutrient or intravenous hormone infusions. In all of the studies, the energy intake at a buffet lunch was quantified immediately after the infusions. To select
specific motor, hormone, or perception variables for inclusion in a multivariable mixed-effects model for determination of independent predictors of energy intake, we assessed all variables for collinearity and determined within-subject correlations between energy intake and these variables by using bivariate analyses adjusted for repeated measures.
Results: Although correlations were shown between energy intake and antropyloroduodenal pressures, GSK1838705A molecular weight plasma hormone concentrations, and gastrointestinal perceptions, only the peak number of isolated pyloric-pressure waves, peak plasma cholecystokinin concentration, and area under the curve of nausea were identified as independent predictors of energy intake (all P < 0.05), so that increases of 1 pressure wave, 1 pmol/L, and 1 mm . min were associated with reductions in energy intake of approximate to
36, approximate to 88, and approximate to’0.4, respectively.
Conclusion: We identified specific changes in gastrointestinal motor and hormone functions (ie, stimulation of pyloric pressures and plasma cholecystokinin) and nausea that are associated with the suppression of acute energy intake. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92: 61-8.”
“Existing research on the mechanism of frequency bands in phononic crystals were without exception concerned with the band gaps (stop-bands). This paper reports, for the first time, the formation mechanism of the Selleck S3I-201 band structures, including both the phase constant and the attenuation constant spectra, of longitudinal waves in one-dimensional phononic crystals based on the periodic ternary rod model. Closed-form dispersion relation is obtained by our proposed method of reverberation-ray matrix. The band structures of characteristic longitudinal wave in the infinite one-dimensional phononic crystal are found to be generated from the dispersion curves of equivalent longitudinal wave in the unit cell due to zone folding effect and wave interference phenomenon.