We noted that numerous cell lines showed protection from apoptotic stimuli, staurosporine or etoposide, when exposed to long-term INCB28060 datasheet hypoxia (72 hours). In addition, these cells had unusually enlarged mitochondria. selleck chemicals llc Here we reveal that mitochondria of hypoxia-induced chemotherapy-resistant cells undergo a hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent and mitofusin 1-mediated change in morphology from a tubular network to an enlarged phenotype. An imbalance in mitochondrial fusion/fission occurs since silencing of the mitochondrial

fusion protein mitofusin 1 reestablished a tubular morphology. Enlarged mitochondria conserved their transmembrane potential and ATP production, and contained an as yet undetected short isoform of the voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC3. Hypoxic cells were insensitive to staurosporine- and etoposide-induced cell death, but the silencing of VDAC3 restored sensitivity. Our results demonstrate

that hypoxia, by inducing mitochondrial fusion, confers selective protection from apoptosis through expression of a short isoform of VDAC3 that allows maintenance of ATP and cell survival in hypoxia. O60 Biomechanical Model of Stress-Dependent Formation of Tissue Organizing Structures (TOS) Associated with Solid Tumor Formation, Invasion and Metastasis Sarah Crawford 1 1 Cancer Biology P505-15 Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Southern Connecticut State Sorafenib clinical trial University, New Haven, CT, USA Research studies on early stage solid tumor formation in our laboratory led to the identification of a novel class of cell derived vesicles released by cell budding

or fission that play a critical role in this process, termed “tissue organizing structures” (TOS). These trypsin-resistant, membrane-delimited particles, approximately 2 micron diameter, are produced by diverse cell types, both normal and malignant, and contain genetic material. Documented activities include a critical role in orchestrating solid tumor formation in vitro and the induction of cell morphogenesis following fusion with neighboring cells. Proposed mechanisms of cell transformation include horizontal gene transfer and a novel mechanism termed “insertional membrane editing”. Recent studies in this laboratory have focused on the biophysical components of the cell microenvironment that may contribute to the formation of these novel structures. This research extends previously elaborated biomechanical models of malignant transformation by implicating a specific biological/structural response with direct physiological consequences to biophysical forces initiated by tissue structure interactions.