Among the various “”classic”" and other NPSs, this review focuses on paraneoplastic movement disorders, including ataxia due to cerebellar degeneration, stiffperson syndrome, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, chorea, parkinsonism, and tremor. The recently described syndrome of paraneoplastic

anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis is also included, given that these patients have complex movements such as stereotypies and dyskinesias in addition to psychiatric symptoms, altered sensorium, and other neurologic signs. Although variable, treatment and prognosis of NPSs rely heavily on treatment of the underlying malignancy and immunotherapy.”
“Prospectively, in 15 children the association of acute transverse myelitis with Campylobacter jejuni infection and antiganglioside YH25448 antibodies was studied. The clinical profile, radiological www.selleckchem.com/products/3-deazaneplanocin-a-dznep.html findings, and treatment outcome in these children were analyzed. Stool Culture and serology for Campylobacter jejuni and antiganglioside antibodies were tested. In all, 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were tested

for evidence of Campylobacter jejuni infection and antiganglioside antibodies. Anti-GM1 antiganglioside immunoglobulin G antibodies were found in 46% of Patients with acute transverse myelitis versus 6.6% of controls (P = .035). Evidence of Campylobacter jejuni infection was absent in both the groups. The magnetic resonance imaging revealed longitudinally buy Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Library extensive lesions in majority. All children Underwent intravenous high-dose corticosteroid treatment. At 1-year follow-up, 8 children had recovered completely, whereas 3 were nonambulatory. Bladder disturbances persisted in 7. The significance of these findings and the possible role antiganglioside antibodies may play in acute transverse myelitis pathophysiology is discussed.”
“The possibility

of using stem cells to treat Parkinson’s disease has excited physicians and patients alike. However, after many encouraging open-label studies of fetal cell transplantation for Parkinson’s disease, three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies found no net benefit. In addition, patients in two of the studies developed dyskinesias that persisted despite reductions in medication. To realize the promise of stem cells, research has been undertaken to understand and overcome the dual problems of unpredictable benefit and troublesome dyskinesias after dopaminergic cell transplantation.”
“Panayiotopoulos syndrome is a common and benign childhood autonomic epilepsy of debated localization. Although officially considered as Occipital epilepsy, this is most likely of multifocal origin. Ictal electroencephalography is the gold standard of seizure localization, but in Panayiotopoulos syndrome, because patients have single or rare seizures, only 7 cases with ictal electroencephalography have been reported. Ictal onsets show variable anterior and more often posterior locations.