(C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of a positive intraoperative frozen section analysis of the pancreatic margin, WH-4-023 especially for adenoma or borderline lesion, is not well understood during operations for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas.\n\nSTUDY DESIGN: Data from 130 consecutive patients who underwent intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm resection in a single institution were retrospectively analyzed.\n\nRESULTS:

In the first intraoperative frozen section analysis, 26 patients were positive for adenoma or borderline lesion, 10 for carcinoma in situ, 2 for cancer cells floating in the duct, and 6 for invasive cancer. Twenty-nine patients underwent additional resection, and 105 patients finally achieved a negative pancreatic margin. Among 18 patients with a positive pancreatic margin for adenoma or borderline lesion, only I had a recurrence. All 20 patients who suffered a recurrence harbored invasive

intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma in resected specimens. In multivariate analysis, predictive factors of recurrence after intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma resection were the presence of lymph node metastasis, serosal invasion, and a high level of serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: The presence of adenoma or borderline lesion at the pancreatic margin does not always warrant further resection because of the low recurrence rare in the remnant pancreas. Recurrence after intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm resection is influenced BI-D1870 primarily by the presence and extent of PHA-848125 inhibitor invasive cancer rather than the status of the pancreatic margin. (J Am Coll Surg 2009; 209:614-621. (C) 2009 by the American College of Surgeons)”
“A series of well-defined thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) macromonomers was prepared by

reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization followed by aminolysis and nucleophilic Michael addition. 2-(Dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropanoic-2-phenoxyethyl ester (CTA) was used as the RAFT chain transfer agent to prepare six PNIPAM-CTA precursors with target degrees of polymerization of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 75. These NIPAM polymerizations were conducted in 1,4-dioxane and proceeded with good control and low polydispersities (M-w/M-n < 1.10) up to more than 90% conversion. The PNIPAM trithiocarbonate end-groups were then converted to methacrylate end-groups by combining (i) aminolysis and (ii) nucleophilic Michael addition using the bifunctional reagent, 3-(acryloyloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (AHPMA), in a one pot reaction. The resulting PNIPAM macromonomers were evaluated as reactive steric stabilizers for latex syntheses.