While artificial reefs augment marine ecosystems, they concurrently alter them. Artificial reefs (AR) do not necessitate permanent alterations; rather, the functional lifespan can be adjusted, with the aim of supporting the sustainability of the ecosystem. Sustainable practices are not confined to the production and implementation of AR units. The modified ecosystem's sustainability, through the creation of services, also demands analysis. The expiration of the augmented reality systems' functional lifetime necessitates considering the ecosystem's medium-term restoration to its original condition. An augmented reality design/composition is presented and substantiated in this paper for systems having a limited functional lifetime. Acting upon the concrete base material, its useful lifespan is deliberately confined to one generation's use. With this purpose in mind, four distinct dosage strengths were proposed. The innovative abrasion-resistant test, along with compressive strength and absorption measurements after immersion, was part of the mechanical evaluation conducted on them. The functional life of the four concrete types can be estimated from the design variables: density, compactness, water-cement ratio, and cement quantity, as revealed by the results. The application of linear regression models and clustering techniques was essential for this. The outlined process leads to an AR design with a restricted practical lifetime.

The sustainable village economic development strategy, incorporating green growth and digitalization, is challenged by the lack of sufficient human resources, inadequate institutional arrangements, and the inherent trade-offs between economic growth, environmental preservation, and corporate social responsibility standards. Analyzing the moderating effect of corporate social responsibility, this study investigates how the green economy and digitalization contribute to sustainable village economic development. This research, a quantitative descriptive study, is conducted within the boundaries of Bali province. PQR309 Data collected for the research, derived from primary sources, were gathered using a Likert scale questionnaire. Officials from the community and village level, who carried out assignments in government activities and agriculture/plantation sectors with technical assistance, were the study's respondents. A purposive sampling technique yielded a research sample of 98 individuals. Data analysis was undertaken with Structural Equation Modeling as the method. Bali's agricultural and plantation sectors are demonstrated to benefit from the research, which highlights the necessity of maintaining sustainable economic growth, with the proper structuring of cropping patterns. Digitalization and green growth are key contributors to sustainable growth within the economic and financial spheres. Sustainable village economic development, influenced by green growth and digitalization, can be moderated by corporate social responsibility efforts. PQR309 A green economy facilitates economic development in villages, leading to poverty reduction, social inclusion, environmental sustainability, and optimized resource utilization. Rural communities will gain increased technological expertise and proficiency, as facilitated by the digital village program, to cultivate their businesses, improve their social welfare, and bolster their local economic standing within rural areas. A crucial focus is improving production, marketing strategies, public image, and financial resources in order to successfully contend with regional and national business counterparts.

The significance of cephalometry is paramount in numerous academic spheres. Included within the scope of study are health science, anthropology, and forensic studies. Besides that, cephalometric norms are crucial for numerous branches of the health sciences, like clinical anatomy, plastic surgery, pediatrics, pediatric dentistry, orthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and forensic medicine. These specialized fields can leverage the advanced and uncomplicated nature of 3D cephalometric templates. This research aimed at creating standardized cephalometric templates for Thai adults, utilizing 3D models generated from cephalometric landmark data extracted from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of individuals exhibiting normal skeletal structures. A collection of 45 full-head CBCT scans, encompassing 20 male and 25 female participants, was retrieved from the archive. Minor crowding of the teeth was coupled with a Class I molar relationship in each case. Cephalometric landmarks, 21 in total, had their coordinates identified from scans taken with the head in its normal anatomical orientation, employing Slicer 410.2 software. A manual affine transformation process was implemented to transfer the coordinates of all landmarks from medical images (DICOM or RAS) to the Cartesian universal coordinate system. Employing intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots, we evaluated the inter- and intra-examiner reliability. The ICCs indicated values between 0.961 and 1.000, while the mean Bland-Altman error was -0.1 mm. Important cephalometric measurements were evaluated in light of a sample-rich, recent, and highly relevant study, containing 200 individuals. The results of the one-sample t-test suggested no statistically noteworthy difference in most measurement data (p > 0.05). While independent samples t-tests found no statistically significant variation in the X and Y axes, the mean Z-axis coordinates exhibited statistically significant differences between male and female subjects. Ultimately, 3D cephalometric templates were created separately for adult Thai men and women, leveraging the locations of landmarks. PQR309 Though freely available via QR codes for all academic disciplines, these templates require diligent handling, particularly when addressing upper and lower incisor angulation. Details of each specialty's application and future development are also presented here.

Nationally and regionally, community-based organizations (CBOs) and individuals involved in forest management activities have a strong dedication towards securing carbon credits. Over a period of time, both CBOs and individuals desired to transform carbon-designated forests into either timber or logging operations, based on their informed decisions. However, since no studies have been conducted, it is impossible to objectively assess which of these projects possesses superior financial utility to make a decision. A comparative analysis of plantation forests regarding carbon credits, round logs, and timber is, thus, the objective of this study. Timber production from managed plantation forests proves most appealing and lucrative in both the 10th and 15th years, factoring in a 3% discount rate or not. Managed for timber, plantation forests provide a fixed asset valuable for both carbon credit trading and log harvesting. Carbon credit schemes, combined with log and timber production in plantation forests, generate a wide range of both positive and negative externalities, and these must be considered during the calculation of the incurred costs and benefits. The project's transition from natural forest-based to technological climate change abatement brings with it a suite of current and future risks. Understanding the advantages of future plantation forest investment hinges critically on this study. We, accordingly, determine that forest management geared towards timber production is more lucrative for both CBOs and individuals than relying on the sale of round logs or carbon credits. CBOs and individuals interested in investing in plantation forests for carbon credits, round logs, or timber production should meticulously examine the potential benefits and risks prior to committing.

Characterized by anhedonia, persistent gloom, disruptions in the circadian rhythm, and various other behavioral dysfunctions, major depressive disorder (MDD) presents as a multimodal neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative illness. Depression is intertwined with somatic complaints, such as the presence of cardiometabolic diseases. Explanations of depression's pathophysiology, as offered by existing and anticipated hypotheses, have been successful. Only a small subset of strongly supported theories, encompassing hyperactivity of the HPA axis, the activation of the inflammatory-immune system, and monoaminergic and GABAergic deficiencies, are addressed in this review. Thus, a more effective and safer solution has been sought, transcending the alleviation of symptoms alone. Consequently, botanical remedies have been continually investigated to bolster the contemporary medical system, presenting themselves as a promising pharmaceutical agent. The botanical name, Asparagus racemosus Willd., appears in this line. Ancient Ayurvedic, Greek, and Chinese medical systems cite the well-documented adaptogen, a member of the Asparagaceae family. The complete plant displays a wide range of therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, nootropic, antidepressant, and others, without any noticeable side effects. The literature review further suggests that various doses of A. racemosus treatment mitigate depressive symptoms by impacting the HPA axis, increasing BDNF levels, and enhancing monoaminergic and GABAergic neurotransmission. Elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), and catalase, in distinct brain regions (the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus) simultaneously augment neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. Hence, a new type of antidepressant could emerge, offering respite from both behavioral and somatic afflictions. The initial part of the review details the plant's characteristics, subsequently analyzing the hypotheses associated with depression's pathogenesis, and ultimately exploring the antidepressant effects of A. racemosus and their mechanistic underpinnings.