Conclusion: Taken together our data supports a strongly positive association between mitochondrial complex I gene variations and MS pathogenesis in a Filipino population. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The development of automated, high-throughput organic synthesis and screening techniques has created an urgent demand for methods that rapidly determine the enantiomeric composition of chiral compounds. Enantioselective fluorescent sensors offer the potential for real-time, high-sensitivity techniques for determining enantiomeric data in high-throughput chiral assays. In this Account, we describe a range of fluorescent sensors derived from 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL), selleck screening library a readily

available biaryl compound with axial chirality.\n\nWe show that BINOL can be used to construct structurally diverse, chiral fluorescent sensors to carry out highly enantioselective, sensitive recognition of chiral selleck kinase inhibitor amino alcohols, alpha-hydroxycarboxylic adds, and amino add derivatives. For example, we prepared an (S)-BINOL derivative whose 3,3′-positions are attached to two chiral amino alcohol units, each having two phenyl substituents. This compound shows a fluorescence enhancement of 950-fold in the presence of (S)-mandelic add but

very little change in the presence of (R)-mandelic acid. It also allows the enantiomers of this alpha-hydroxycarboxylic add to be visually discriminated by an enantioselective precipitation process.\n\nA structurally similar (S)-BINOL-amino alcohol molecule, but with three rather than two phenyl substitutents in each of the two amino alcohol units, was found to exhibit generally enantioselective fluorescence responses toward structurally diverse alpha-hydroxycarboxylic adds. We further

prepared a pseudoenantiomeric analogue of this compound from (R)-H8BINOL, Pevonedistat order which has the opposite chiral configuration at both the biaryl center as well as the pendant amino alcohols. These two compounds have opposite enantioselectivity in the recognition of a chiral substrate, with distinctly different fluorescence emission wavelengths. By mixing them together, we developed a pseudoenantiomeric sensor pair to facilitate chiral assays. Using this pseudoenantiomeric sensor pair allows both the concentration and the enantiomeric composition of a substrate to be determined in a single fluorescence measurement.\n\nWe synthesized another compound by ligating a terpyridine unit to BINOL and found that coordination of a Cu(II) ion to the terpyridine unit almost completely quenched its fluorescence. Displacement of the Cu2+ ion from this complex by chiral amino alcohols leads to enantioselective fluorescence enhancement. This BINOL-terpyridine-Cu(II) complex also exhibits enantioselective gel collapsing in the presence of chiral amino alcohols, providing a new visual chiral discrimination method.