In addition, sut1 mutants have greatly reduced stature, altered biomass partitioning, delayed flowering, and stunted tassel development. Cold-girdling wild-type leaves to block phloem transport phenocopied the sut1 mutants, supporting a role for maize SUT1 in sucrose export. Furthermore, application of (14)C-sucrose to abraded sut1 mutant and wild-type leaves showed that sucrose export was greatly diminished in sut1 mutants compared
with wild type. Collectively, these data demonstrate that SUT1 is crucial for efficient phloem loading of sucrose in maize leaves.”
“Background- Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) typically manifests during or after adolescence in sarcomere SN-38 mouse mutation carriers at risk for developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Guidelines recommend MK-0518 inhibitor serial imaging of mutation carriers without LVH (G+/LVH-) to monitor for phenotypic evolution, but the optimal strategy is undefined. Compared with echocardiography (echo), cardiac MRI (CMR) offers improved endocardial visualization and potential to assess scar. However, the incremental advantage offered by CMR for early diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is unclear. Therefore, we systematically compared echo and CMR in G+/LVH- subjects.
Methods and Results- A total of 40 sarcomere mutation carriers with normal echo wall thickness (<12 mm or z score <2.5
in children) underwent concurrent CMR. Mean age was 21.7 +/- 11.1 years, 55% were female. If left ventricular wall thickness seemed nonuniform, the size and location of Ro-3306 chemical structure relatively thickened segments were noted. Late gadolinium enhancement was assessed with CMR. Diagnostic agreement between echo and CMR was good (90%), although CMR measurements of left ventricular wall thickness were approximate to 19% lower than echo. Four subjects had mild hypertrophy (12.6-14 mm; <= 2 segments) appreciated by CMR but not echo.
No subjects had late gadolinium enhancement. During median 35-month follow-up, 2 subjects developed overt hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, including 1 with mild LVH by CMR at baseline.
Conclusions- Echo is unlikely to miss substantial LVH; however, CMR identified mild hypertrophy in approximate to 10% of mutation carriers with normal echo wall thickness. CMR may be a useful adjunct in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy family screening, particularly in higher risk situations, or if echocardiographic images are suboptimal or suggest borderline LVH.”
“This review presents the past and the present of pediatric neurology in Poland. Pediatric neurology has its roots in Polish general neurology represented by many outstanding scientists. The founder of Polish school of neurology at the end of 19th century was Edward Flatau, known as the author of Flatau’s law. The most famous Polish neurologist was Joseph Babinski, recognized for the first description of pathological plantar reflex.