In the synthetic mixtures, neodymium(III) was extracted under the optimum extraction conditions selleckchem and quantitatively recovered in all mixtures.Table 7Separation of neodymium(III) from synthetic mixture.5. ConclusionQuantitative extraction of neodymium(III) was achieved in 5min with 0.1M N-n-octylaniline in xylene at pH 6.0.The proposed extractive separation method is simple, rapid, selective, reproducible, and suitable for separation and determination of neodymium(III) from associated metal ions and synthetic mixtures.Trace level of neodymium(III) extracted using low concentration of N-n-octylaniline. The extraction mechanism corresponds to an anion exchange, in which a complex of stoichiometric formula [RR��NH2+Nd(succinate)2?]org is formed in the organic phase.

It is free from the interference of a large number of foreign ions.The solvent-like xylene showed good results for N-n-octylaniline compared with other diluents used.N-n-octylaniline can be synthesized at low cost, with high yield and best purity.AcknowledgmentsThe authors are thankful to UGC-SAP and DST-FIST. One of the authors (B. N. Kokare) is thankful to UGC for providing financial assistance.
Over the past several decades, numerous experimental and epidemiological studies on cadmium (Cd), as an important environmental and occupational toxicant, demonstrated multiple mechanisms of Cd toxicity. Besides mechanisms of Cd toxicity which include induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis, aberrant gene expression, altered DNA structure, and inhibition of ATP production in mitochondria [1�C4], Cd toxicity can be also explained by disturbed homeostasis of bioelements [5�C7].

The increasing environmental cadmium exposure, on one hand, and the wide-spread bioelements deficiency in the world mainly due to nutritional factors but also as a result of cadmium exposure, on the other hand, clearly indicate the relevance of Cd bioelements interactions [8�C11].Numerous studies provided evidence that supplementation with certain essential elements, especially zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se), can have protective role against Cd toxicity [6, 7, 12, 13]. The literature data indicate that enhanced Zn intake reduced Cd body burden [14, 15], had beneficial effect on lipid peroxidation induced by Cd [13] or skeletal properties impaired by Cd [16], and had even protective effect against Cd-induced carcinogenicity [4]. Supplementation with Se reduces Cd GSK-3 concentration [17] and protects against Cd-induced oxidative stress in various organs [18]. Although investigated in less extent, there are evidences on beneficial effect of magnesium (Mg) supplemental intake on Cd toxicity.