It also uses site-specific data to assess the

subjectivit

It also uses site-specific data to assess the

subjectivity in the decision-making process, mainly reflected through the assignment of the criteria weights and uncertainties in the criteria scores. Analysis of the sensitivity of the results to these factors is used as a way to assess the stability and robustness of the ranking as a first step of the sediment management decision-making process. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Most Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases arise sporadically and may involve innate immune activation of microglial expressed Toll-like receptors regulated through the myeloid differentiation protein 88 (MyD88) pathway. selleck chemical Objective: It was the aim of this study to test the innate immune involvement in AD pathology. Methods: We mated APPsw/PS1 Delta E9 mice with MyD88-deficient mice. Results: Progeny mice had similar levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptides, amyloid plaque density and neuroimmune staining patterns. However, double-transgenic mice did show a significantly reduced life expectancy. Conclusion: Our findings indicate

that impaired innate immune responses may play a role in AD pathology. (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Objectives: 1) To review a10-year experience of endolymphatic sac surgery (ESS) and intratympanic gentamicin (ITG) for intractable Meniere’s disease (MD), and 2) to compare preoperative and postoperative outcomes.

Design: Retrospective chart review and survey.

Setting: find more Tertiary care center.

Patients: Patients treated with ESS or ITG between GW4869 1997 and 2007 at London Health Sciences Centre were eligible for recruitment.

Interventions: ESS or ITG.

Main Outcomes: 1) 1995 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery hearing stage, vertigo class, and functional level; and 2) a 40-item validated quality-of-life questionnaire (MD Outcome Questionnaire).

Statistical Analyses: Chi-squared and t tests.

Results: Sixty-seven patients were

recruited (n = 30 ESS; n = 37 ITG). Preoperatively, the ITG group had poorer hearing stage (p = 0.03). There were no differences between groups on pre-operative functional level and QOL measures. Postoperatively, ESS patients reported more tinnitus (p = 0.003) and aural fullness (p = 0.01). There were no differences in posttreatment vertigo class. Secondary treatment was required for 27% of patients in the ESS compared with 3% in the ITG. Posttreatment hearing remained unchanged for the ITG and was overall decreased in the ESS group (p = 0.03). Participants in the ITG reported better postoperative functional levels (p = 0.02) and higher global (p = 0.04), social (p = 0.001), and overall QOL scores (p = 0.03).

Conclusion: ITG, compared with ESS, reveals better posttreatment functional levels, and superior global, social, and overall QOL scores.

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