It has not been extensively investigated

however to what extent interindividual differences in vaginal Lactobacillus community composition determine the stability of this microflora neither how differences in host innate immunity contribute to interindividual differences in susceptibility to bacterial overgrowth of the vagina. The normal vaginal microflora has recently been found to consist primarily of one or more of merely four distinct species, in particular https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sis3.html L. crispatus, L. jensenii, L. gasseri and L. iners [7, 17, 18]. Here, we established the stability of the vaginal microflora during pregnancy as a function of the presence of each of these index species, in a prospective cohort study. Results From 100 consecutive Caucasian women vaginal swabs for Gram stain-based microscopy, tRFLP, and culture were obtained at mean

gestational ages of 8.6 (SD 1.4), 21.2 (SD 1.3), and 32.4 (SD 1.7) weeks, respectively. Vaginal microflora status according to Gram stain at baseline and on follow-up Based on Gram stain, 77 women presented with PF-6463922 in vivo normal or grade I vaginal microflora (VMF) during the first trimester, of which 18 had grade Ia (primarily Tacrolimus (FK506) L. crispatus cell morphotypes) VMF (23.4%), 16 grade Iab (L. crispatus and other Lactobacillus cell morphotypes) VMF (20.8%), and 43 grade Ib (primarily non-L. crispatus cell morphotypes) VMF (55.8%).

Of these, 64 women (83.1%) maintained grade I VMF throughout pregnancy, whereas 13 women with grade I VMF during the first trimester, converted to abnormal VMF in the second or third trimester (16.9%) (Table 1). CDK inhibitor Conversely, of the 23 women with abnormal VMF in the first trimester (grade I-like (5), grade II (11), grade III (4), and grade IV (3)), 13 reconverted to normal VMF (56.5%) in the second or third trimester (Table 2). Table 1 Overview of microflora patterns for patients who displayed a conversion from normal to abnormal microflora (n = 13)   Microflora grade on Gram stain patient number trimester I trimester II trimester III PB2003/003 Ib I-like I-like PB2003/007 Ib III Ia PB2003/013 Ib II Ib PB2003/018 Ia Ia I-like PB2003/019 Ib II II PB2003/049 Ib Ib II PB2003/084 Ib II Ia PB2003/101 Iab Ib II PB2003/116 Ib I-like II PB2003/130 Ib I-like Ib PB2003/147 Ib Ib I-like PB2003/148 Ib Ib II PB2003/155 Ib Ib II Gram stained vaginal smears were scored according to the criteria previously described by Verhelst et al [7].