Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Table I Demographic characteristics of the subjects Sample Collection and Assays of Edaravone Peripheral blood samples were drawn from an intravenous cannula (inserted into a forearm vein) into 5 mL heparinized tubes prior to and after intravenous administration of edaravone at the following times: 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 480, 600, and 720 minutes. After collection, the blood samples were immediately centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 6 minutes, and the plasma was separated and stored at -80°C ISRIB in vitro until analysis. The plasma concentrations were measured by HPLC with an ultraviolet (UV) learn more detector (LC-2010-CTH; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The assay was performed

in accordance with the following procedure. An aliquot of 0.2 mL of plasma was vortex mixed with 40 μL of HClO4 (30%) to acidify the plasma and precipitate plasma protein for 40 seconds, then centrifuged at 4°C at 16 000 rpm for 6 minutes. The supernate fluid was then prepared for analysis. An aliquot of 20 μL of the supernate fluid was analyzed using a Syncronis C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) [Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, check details USA]. The mobile phase consisted

of ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6.6; 0.05 mol/L) and methanol [Merck, Darmstadt, Germany] (55 : 45, v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min; the detector wave was set at 240 nm. The limit of quantification was 30 ng/mL, and the intra- and inter-batch relative standard deviations were less than 9% and 13%, respectively. Data and Statistical Analyses The results are expressed as means ± standard deviations. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), elimination half-life (t1/2), volume of distribution (Vd), and total plasma drug clearance (CL) were obtained by noncompartmental analysis, utilizing the pharmacokinetic analysis package DAS 2.0 (Drug And Statistics, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China). Statistically significant differences in the mean values between the different dosage groups

were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with an unpaired two-tailed heteroscedastic t-test. The paired t-test was utilized to compare the AUC during a dosage interval (AUCτ), AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC∞), maximum plasma drug concentration Casein kinase 1 (Cmax), t1/2, CL, and Vd values for single and multiple dosing. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Area under the Plasma Concentration-Time Curve Values and Maximum Plasma Drug Concentration Values of Edaravone in Plasma The mean AUCτ, AUC∞, Cmax, t1/2, CL, and Vd values for the three groups after single and repeated doses are shown in table II. There were no significant differences between the three groups, regardless of the number of doses received. The mean AUC∞ ratio and mean Cmax ratio for multiple-dose/single-dose administration of 30 mg were 0.99 and 1.04, respectively. These values indicate that there was no accumulation after repeated doses.