People can contact them by dialling the three-digit numbers 115, 110 and 125, respectively. Additional potential actors include different ambulance services and the Red Crescent, whose activities are primarily focused on rendering relief to the victims of natural and man-made disasters in general [36] but who can become involved in multiple crashes and road-victim management. Further, as mentioned earlier, members form public, who are usually present Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical at crash scenes, can also help victims and transport them

to hospital. Participants Stakeholders of varying experience and knowledge, representing different perspectives on PCM, were approached for interviews. A few victims were also interviewed because of the unique perspective they could add on what takes place Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical at the crash scene. The number of participants was determined based on saturation principles [34]. From thirty-eight approached participants, thirty-six agreed to be interviewed, including seven members of the Emergency Medical Services (abbreviated as EMS) – physicians, nurses, and technicians -, six police officers (PO), two members of Red Crescent (RC), one firefighter (FF), five public health professionals (PH), two experts members from the Ministry of Road (RT), four experts from Road & Transportation Office (RT), two motorcyclists (MC), two car drivers (CD), and five road Cabozantinib traffic injury Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical victims (VI).

EMS members Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and public health professionals had academic knowledge and experience of victim management with regard to training and re-training in their field. Red Crescent members, firefighters and police officers also had experience and training in the field of RTI victim management.

Their age range was between 20 and 65, with education level ranging from nine-year intermediate school to professional education in the field of medicine. Data collection Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews beginning with general questions, gradually progressing to more specific ones. Probing was performed according to the reflections of each participant, concerning prior experiences of the post-crash event; perception about barriers to PCM; opinions about facilitators of effective PCM; opinions relating to the role of laypeople at crash scenes; opinions about the organization and coordination of PCM. The interviews lasted between 45 and 80 minutes. very They were conducted between March and December 2007. Finding and contacting eligible participants was made easier by the fact that the principal investigator had experience in the domain, having worked with the management of road traffic injury victims. The interviews were conducted in Persian, transcribed verbatim and summarized in English, and two interviews had read by a researcher who was not a Persian speaker. The rest of the researchers were fluent in both Persian and English. Data analysis The interview transcriptions were compared with the recorded digital files for accuracy.