)”
“Positive affect was examined as a predictor of (1) cardiovascular reactivity during a sadness and an anger recall task and recovery following the protocol, (2) epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NOREPI) reactivity LY2606368 price and level during the recall protocol, and (3) the diurnal pattern of salivary cortisol. Sample was 328 individuals. Negative affect, age, race, sex, smoking status, income, and BMI were adjusted. During sadness recall, positive affect was inversely related
to systolic blood pressure (p = .007) and diastolic blood pressure (p = .049) reactivity, and unrelated to heart rate (p = .226). Positive affect was unrelated to reactivity during anger recall (ps>.19), and was unrelated to recovery selleck screening library at the end of the recall protocol. Positive affect was inversely
related to the mean level of NOREPI (p = .046), and unrelated to EPI (p = .149). Positive affect was inversely related to the increase in cortisol 30 min post awakening (p = .042), and unrelated to the evening decline in cortisol levels (p = .174). Positive emotions may be relevant to good health.”
“The honeybee Apis mellifera has emerged as a robust and influential model for the study of classical conditioning, thanks to the existence of a powerful Pavlovian conditioning protocol, the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER). In 2011, the olfactory PER conditioning protocol celebrates 50 years since it was first introduced by Kimihisa Takeda in 1961. Here, we review its origins, developments, and perspectives in order to define future research avenues and necessary methodological and conceptual evolutions. We show that olfactory PER conditioning has become a versatile tool for the study of questions in extremely diverse fields in addition to the study of learning and memory and that it has allowed behavioral characterizations, not only of honeybees, but also of other insect species, for which
the protocol was adapted. We celebrate, therefore, Takeda’s original work and prompt colleagues to conceive and establish further robust behavioral tools for an accurate characterization of insect learning and memory at multiple levels of analysis.”
“Background
Some copy-number variants are associated with genomic disorders with extreme phenotypic heterogeneity. The cause of this variation is unknown, Interleukin-3 receptor which presents challenges in genetic diagnosis, counseling, and management.
Methods
We analyzed the genomes of 2312 children known to carry a copy- number variant associated with intellectual disability and congenital abnormalities, using array comparative genomic hybridization.
Results
Among the affected children, 10.1% carried a second large copy-number variant in addition to the primary genetic lesion. We identified seven genomic disorders, each defined by a specific copy-number variant, in which the affected children were more likely to carry multiple copy-number variants than were controls.