SMS medium [31] supplemented with 1% glucose was used for gene expression unless otherwise specified. Starvation for carbon (C lim), nitrogen (N lim) and carbon + nitrogen (C + N BIBF 1120 ic50 lim) was induced as described before [31]. C. rosea mycelia for

submerged liquid cultures were cultivated and harvested as described previously [31]. Gene identification and sequence analysis The C. rosea strain draft genome (Karlsson et al., unpublished) was screened for the presence of hydrophobins by BLASTP analysis using amino acid sequences of T. aggresivum var. europeae, T. asperellum, T. atroviride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachatum, T. stromaticum, T. virens and T. viride hydrophobins. The protein accession numbers of hydrophobins from Trichoderma spp. (Additional file 1: Table S1) were retrieved from Kubicek et al. [29], and their amino acid sequences were retrieved from GenBank at NCBI. Presence of conserved domains were analysed with SMART [42], InterProScan [43] and CDS [44]. Presence of Cys residues in specific spacing pattern was analysed manually. Amino acid VX-680 manufacturer sequence alignment was performed using clustalW2 [45] with default settings for multiple sequence alignment. Signal P 4.1 [46] was used to search for signal peptide cleavage sites. https://www.selleckchem.com/TGF-beta.html hydropathy pattern was determined with Protscale on the ExPASy proteomics server [47], using the Kyte-Doolittle algorithms

and 9 aa sliding window. We generated Aldehyde dehydrogenase the hydropathy pattern of Hyd1, Hyd2 and Hyd3 and compared to the hydropathy patterns of known class I (SC3 [AAA96324] from Schizophyllum commune; EAS [AAB24462] from Neurospora crassa; RodA [AFUA_5G09580] from Aspergillus fumigatus) and known class II (HFB1 [CAA92208.1] and HFBII [P79073] from T. reesei; CRP from

Cryphonectria parasitica [AAA19638]) hydrophobins. The presence of conserved hydrophobin domains, Cys residues in a specific pattern, presence of signal peptide, and hydropathy plot were used as criteria for identification of hydrophobins in C. rosea. Phylogenetic analysis Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood methods implemented in PhyML-aBayes [48]. The LG amino-acid substitution model [49] was used, the proportion of invariable sites was set to 0, and four categories of substitution rates were used. The starting tree to be refined by the maximum likelihood algorithm was a distance-based BIONJ tree estimated by the program. Statistical support for phylogenetic grouping was assessed by bootstrap analysis using 1000 replicates. GenBank accession numbers for hydrophobin proteins used in this study for phylogenetic analysis are given in Additional file 1: Table S1. Gene expression analysis For gene expression analysis in different nutritional conditions (described above), mycelia were cultivated in liquid cultures following the procedure described before [31] and harvested 48 h post inoculation.