The approval of OTG by the FDA was largely attributed to the results of this study, which have not yet been published. The Evolution of Oxybutynin The evolution of oxybutynin

has resulted in new formulations that offer patients improved tolerability with a lower incidence of anticholinergic side effects and enhanced dosing options. OXY-ER significantly reduces the incidence of dry mouth associated with OXY-IR, and provides convenient once daily dosing. OXY-TDS, applied twice weekly, gives patients a transdermal option Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical and anticholinergic side effects similar to placebo. Oxybutynin chloride topical gel similarly provides a topical therapy for OAB, which may be preferable to a pill for many patients. In addition, the favorable metabolite-to-parent (N-DEO/oxybutynin) plasma concentration associated with OTG is expected to be associated with excellent tolerability. The less occlusive gel is also expected to have reduced adverse skin events due to the presence of glycerin and the absence Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical skin permeation enhancer triacetin.

Ectopic ureters are rare and occur in about 1 of 1900 live births.1 Over 85% of ectopic ureters are associated with duplicated systems and most commonly present in females. Ectopic ureters present 2 to 12 times less frequently in males than in females, and in males are most commonly associated with a

single collecting system.2 Ectopic ureters inserting into the prostatic urethra often present with obstruction and/or urinary tract infections. Few cases of ectopic ureters entering into the prostatic urethra as an incidental finding in men undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer have been reported in the literature.3,4 This case report describes Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical a patient with prostate

cancer and an asymptomatic upper pole ectopic ureter inserting into the prostatic urethra associated with normal functioning renal parenchyma lifescience demonstrated on preoperative mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG-3) Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical renogram, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT). We discuss the treatment plan for this patient and give an overview of ectopic ureters. Case Presentation A 66-year-old man presented with a nodule at the right base of the prostate on digital rectal examination. The patient’s serum prostate-specific antigen Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II level had risen from 0.92 ng/mL in September 2004 to 2.2 ng/mL in December 2007. A transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy demonstrated adenocarcinoma of the prostate with Gleason score 6 (3 + 3) disease found in 30% of 1 core obtained from the right lateral base (clinical stage T2a disease). The patient reported nocturia 2 times per night without other lower urinary tract symptoms, and no history of urinary tract infections or nephrolithiasis. The patient’s American Urological Association Symptom Score was 3.