The present findings

suggest that the consumption of WP and WPH promoted the accumulation of cardiac glycogen in the sedentary groups, similar to the results reported by Faria, Nery-Diez, Lollo, Amaya-Farfan, and Ferreira (2012), whereas no effect was found in the exercised groups. In conclusion, the data obtained in this study showed that the consumption of whey protein hydrolysate resulted in a greater increase in the concentration of HSP70, than that produced by the non-hydrolysed whey protein or by casein. This finding was observed in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and lung, but not in the spleen, kidney or heart. The data also suggested that the enzyme glutamine synthetase could be modulated by the different sources of protein in the diet. These results suggest that the increase in HSP70 selleck compound caused by the consumption of whey protein hydrolysate may affect different tissues in response mTOR inhibitor to physical exertion. The

authors are grateful to the Foundation for Research of the State of São Paulo, Brazil (FAPESP no. 2010/02419-0 and 2011/13035-1) for financial support and to Hilmar Ingredients (Hilmar, California, USA) for providing the whey protein products. “
“The açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and palmitero-juçara (Euterpe edulis Mart) palms are species native to Amazonia and the Atlantic Forest, respectively. The fruits are of economic importance in the Brazilian state of Pará. The fruits are considered a rich source of energy, and have been recognised for certain functional properties. In addition, the fruits are reported to be a substantial anthocyanin source, with high antioxidant activity ( Lichtenthäler et al., 2005, Rosso and Mercadante, 2007 and Rufino et al., 2010). Several analytical methods have been reported to detect anthocyanins in fruits, including UV–Vis spectroscopy (Lee & Francis, 1972), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (Missang, Guyot, & Renard, 2003), mass spectrometry (MS) (Williams et al., 2002),

and capillary electrophoresis (CE) (Bednár et al., 2005). However, despite the reliability of these methods for anthocyanin detection, the approaches are destructive to the fruits, expensive, and generate chemical Calpain waste. In addition, some of the techniques, such as NMR, require specialised reagents and personnel, which limit their application beyond the laboratory. Due to the undesirable aspects of these analytical approaches, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy has increased in acceptance in various analytical fields during the last decade (Geladi et al., 1999, Inácio et al., 2011, Neves et al., 2012 and Sakudo et al., 2009). NIR spectroscopy has the primary potential advantage of using intact samples presented directly to the instrument without sample preparation.