This research improves our understanding of within-population foraging variations in bottlenose dolphins. “
“Counts of pinnipeds provide a minimal estimate of population Dasatinib size because some unknown proportion of individuals is in the water during surveys. We determined a correction factor (CF) for Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) by estimating the proportion ashore of 180 seals tagged with flipper-mounted radio tags throughout California. The mean proportions of tagged individuals ashore during four complete surveys in 2004 were not different between central and northern California (F= 1.85, P= 0.18) or between sexes (F= 0.57, P= 0.45), but a lesser proportion of

weaners was ashore than subadults or adults (F= 7.97, P= 0.001), especially in northern California. The CF calculated for the statewide census of harbor seals was 1.65, using transmitters operating during the survey (n= 114). Using a mark-recapture estimator for tag survival (phi) and the four telemetry surveys

the mean CF for central and northern California was 1.54 ± 0.38 (95% CI). A CF for southern California of 2.86 was based on a single survey. Using the mean CF of 1.54 and a statewide count in 2009 we estimated 30,196 (95% CI = 22,745–37,647) harbor seals in California. “
“This study describes pulsed signals from bottlenose dolphins of the central Mediterranean Sea. Data were collected during 2011 and 2012 in 27 surveys in the Sicilian Channel, during which 163 animals were sighted. Based mainly on the pulse repetition rate, the signals were classified as Low-frequency click (LF; single clicks without a regular pulse rate), Train click (TC; with a interclick interval Doxorubicin ic50 of 80 ± 2 ms), Burst (with a interclick interval of 3.4 ± 0.2 ms), or Packed click (with a lower number of clicks per train and median interclick interval of 3.2 ± 0.0 ms). The measured parameters were peak sound pressure level (SPLpk); signal duration; the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd peak of frequency; number of peaks frequency; bandwidth; centroid frequency; and the 10th, 25th,

75th, and 90th percentiles of the power spectrum distribution. Most of the parameters medchemexpress were significantly different among the groups, reflecting the different functions of these signals. LF clicks showed a lower peak frequency and percentiles and a longer duration and could be used to explore a wide area without a specific target focalization and with less resolution. The TC showed a higher SPLpk, higher peak frequency, lower duration, and lower number of secondary peaks frequency, showing a better resolution to investigate a specific target. “
“The population of Irrawaddy dolphins that occupies the Mekong River in southern Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia is classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN. Based on capture-recapture of photo-identified individuals, we estimated that the total population numbered 93 ±  SE 3.90 individuals (95% CI 86–101), as of April 2007.