Kinetics of antifungal protein production Biomass and antimycotic protein production by E. faecalis in modified trypticase soya (mTS) broth, was analysed at the incubation temperature of 14°C (Figure 2). This strain reached the stationary phase after 20 h. Prolonged incubation up to 56 h promoted degradation of the

ACP but no lysis of biomass. No ACP was produced within 8 h at 14°C, but it was produced during the active growth phase, and its concentration reached a maximum at 48 h, at the middle of the maximum stationary phase. The highest activity (1600 AU mL-1) against C. albicans (MTCC 183) was recorded between 44–48 h of incubation selleck chemicals and decreased thereafter. The pH dropped rapidly during the exponential phase, probably because of the strong production of acid associated with growth. Figure 2 Kinetics of anti-mycotic protein and biomass production of E. faecalis. Effects of heat, pH, and Hydrolytic Enzymes The activity of the cell-free supernatant (CFS) was stable upon treatment at different temperatures, for up to 90°C for 20 min, but the activity was lost completely after boiling and autoclaving Transmembrane Transporters inhibitor (Table 2). The antimycotic

property of the CFS also remained unaffected at the pH range of 6.0–8.0. However, at pH values of 5.0 and 9.0 the activity was reduced by 50%, whereas at pH values of 2.0, 4.0 and 10.0 the activity was completely lost. The ACP was sensitive to different proteolytic enzymes (proteinase K and pronase E) confirming its proteinaceous nature whereas it was resistant to pepsin, α-amylase, lipase, lysozyme and

trypsin at the concentration of 1.0 mg mL-1 (Table 2). Table 2 Effect of enzymes, heat, pH, ABT-888 nmr organic solvents and surfactants on the biological activity of ACP (+ve sign, biological activity retained, -ve SDHB sign, loss of biological activity) Treatment (w/v) Activity Treatment (v/v) Activity Trypsin (1.0 mg ml-1) + Methanol (25%) + Pronase E (1.0 mg ml-1) – Ethanol (25%) + Proteinase K (1.0 mg ml-1) — Iso-propanol (10%) + Pepsin (1.0 mg ml-1) + Hexane (25%) + α-Amylase (1.0 mg ml-1) + Formaldehyde (10%) + Lipase (1.0 mg ml-1) + Chloroform (10%) + Lysozyme (2.0 mg ml-1) + Acetone (10%) + 37°C, 60°C for 90 min + Acetonitrile (70%) + 90°C for 20 min + Triton X-100 (1%v/v) + 100°C for 30 min – Tween-20 (1%v/v) + 100°C for 90 min – SDS (1%w/v) ++ 121°C for 15 min – Urea (1%w/v) + Control at 4°C + EDTA (1%w/v) + (pH) 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 + PMSF (1%v/v) + (pH) 2.0, 4.0 and 10.0 – β-Mercaptoethanol (1 mmol) +     DTT (0.1 mol) + Effects of surfactants, organic solvents and storage The antimycotic peptide ACP remained fully active when treated with different surfactants and organic solvents as mentioned in ‘Methods’. The activity was enhanced by 33.4% in the presence of SDS (1.0%w/v) (Table 2). Long-term storage (1 year) at −80°C did not affect the antimicrobial activity (98%), but a slight reduction (20%) in activity at 4°C and −20°C was found.