Methods Sample The Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) Survey is a nationally representative survey of 3,032 persons aged 25�C74 years in the noninstitutionalized figure 1 civilian population of the 48 coterminous United States (Brim et al., 2010; Kessler, DuPont, Berglund, & Wittchen, 1999; Kessler, Mickelson, & Zhao, 1997). The MIDUS Survey was carried out by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Network on Successful Midlife Development between January 1995 and 1996. All respondents completed a 30-min telephone interview (70.0% response rate) and filled out two mailed questionnaires estimated to take a total of about 90 min to complete (86.8% conditional response rate in the subsample of telephone respondents). The overall response rate was 60.8%.
More details on the MIDUS Survey design, field procedures, and sampling weights are available elsewhere (Brim et al., 2010; Kessler et al., 1997, 1999). Analyses were conducted in SAS 9.2 (Cary, NC) using the survey procedures (surveymeans, surveyfreq, surveylogistic) to adjust standard errors in accordance with the sampling and weight our estimates to adjust for differential probabilities of selection and nonresponse to derive estimates representative of the U.S. adult population. The sample for this analysis is 3,010 individuals with complete information on covariates of interest. Diagnostic Assessment Current Respiratory Disease Data on physical illnesses were obtained through self-report. Respondents were presented with a list of illnesses and asked whether they had experienced or been diagnosed by a physician with any of the illnesses within the past 12 months.
This included ��asthma, bronchitis, or emphysema.�� Self-Reported Child Physical Abuse A history of self-reported childhood abuse was assessed by responding often, sometimes, rarely, or never to one of the following statements: Did your mother or father often, sometimes, or rarely: ��kicked, bit, or hit you with a fist; hit or tried to hit you with something; beat you up; choked you; burned you or scalded you�� or ��pushed, grabbed, or shoved you; slapped you; threw something at you.�� Those who answered never to all four inquiries were used as the reference group. Respondents were assigned to a frequency of abuse category based on the highest frequency of abuse for any of the four responses.
Current Mental Disorders The MIDUS Dacomitinib Survey diagnoses were based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview��Short Form (CIDI-SF) scales (Kessler et al., 1994), a series of diagnostic-specific scales that were developed from item-level analyses of a modified version of the World Health Organization CIDI (Kessler, Andrews, Mroczek, Ustun, & Wittchen, 1998), and a structured interview designed to determine Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, clinical and subclinical mental disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey (Kessler et al., 1994, 1998; Wittchen, 1994).