The future challenge is to understand how inactivation of such central players or of their upstream regulators or downstream effectors can affect adipose tissue in a depot-specific fashion”
“Frequent binge drinking has been linked to heart disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and the development of ethanol dependence. Thus, identifying pharmaceutical

targets to treat Cilengitide molecular weight binge drinking is of paramount importance. Here we employed a mouse model of binge-like ethanol drinking to study the role of neuropeptide Y (NPY). To this end, the present set of studies utilized pharmacological manipulation of NPY signaling, immunoreactivity (IR) mapping EX 527 cost of NPY and NPY receptors, and electrophysiological recordings from slice preparations of the amygdala. The results indicated that central infusion of NPY, a NPY Y1 receptor (Y1R) agonist, and a Y2R antagonist significantly blunted binge-like ethanol drinking in C57BL/6J mice (that achieved blood ethanol levels >80 mg/dl in control conditions). Binge-like ethanol drinking reduced NPY and Y1R IR in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and 24 h of ethanol abstinence after a history of binge-like

drinking promoted increases of Y1R and Y2R IR. Electrophysiological recordings of slice preparations from the CeA showed that binge-like ethanol drinking augmented the ability of NPY to inhibit GABAergic transmission. Thus, binge-like ethanol drinking in C57BL/6J mice promoted alterations of NPY signaling in the CeA, and administration of exogenous NPY compounds protected against binge-like drinking. The current data suggest that Y1R agonists and Y2R antagonists may be useful for curbing and/or preventing binge drinking, protecting vulnerable individuals from progressing to the point of ethanol dependence. Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37, 1409-1421; doi: 10.1038/npp.2011.327; published online 4 January 2012″
“Little is known on both the

composition and mechanism(s) of proteinuria Janus kinase (JAK) associated with the use of mTOR inhibitors, in particular of Everolimus (E). We characterized urinary proteins utilizing an integrated proteomics approach (quantitative essays, 2-DE, MALDI-TOF, Western blot) in 48 renal transplant recipients who were alternatively treated with E (n = 31) or with enteric coated mycophenolic acid (EC-MPA) (n = 17). Twelve E patients (39%) developed high (>3 g/day) or intermediate proteinuria (1-3 g) compared to four (23%) of the EC-MPA group. Urinary proteins (p<0.001), 02 microglobulin (p<0.001) and alpha 1microglobulin (P<0.025) were higher in E than in EC-MPA, appeared more rapidly and were inversely correlated with the day of treatment.