v. oxytocin infusion administered after delivery in reducing blood loss at cesarean section in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: One hundred women with term singleton pregnancy undergoing elective or emergency cesarean section under spinal anesthesia in Nigeria were randomly allocated to receive either misoprostol 400 mg sublingually or i.v. infusion of 20 units oxytocin

soon after delivery of the baby. Estimated blood loss at surgery and within the first 4 h post-operation were measured in both groups.

Results: No significant difference was found in mean blood loss between the oxytocin and misoprostol groups. Similarly, no significant difference occurred between preoperative and postoperative hematocrit levels in both groups. The need for additional oxytocin was similar in both groups. There was significantly less blood loss in the first 4

h after surgery in the misoprostol group than Autophagy signaling inhibitor in the oxytocin group (58.2 +/- 20.7 vs 80.5 +/- 26.8; P-value = 0.02). The incidence of adverse effects like shivering/pyrexia was significantly higher in the misoprostol group than in the oxytocin group (27/50 vs 1/50, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Sublingual misoprostol was as effective as i.v. oxytocin infusion in reducing blood loss at cesarean section. It offers several advantages AZD1152 concentration over oxytocin, including long shelf life, stability at room temperature, and oral administration, which make it a suitable uterotonic agent in low-resource areas.”
“This study investigated the effects of multiple collections of sperm on endangered DZNeP ic50 sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) sperm functional parameters [spermatozoa motility and curvilinear velocity (VCL)] as well as on protein concentration and osmolality of seminal plasma. The average sperm volume and mean spermatozoa concentration per male were significantly altered with multiple collections. On the other hand, no significant effect of multiple collections on protein concentration of seminal plasma was observed. In all experimental groups,

moderate impact of sequential collection on osmolality (p < 0.05) of seminal plasma was observed. Ninety to 100% of motile spermatozoa were observed at 15 s after activation, with an average VCL of 181.12 +/- 19.10 mu m/s. After 90 s, average VCL decreased to 130 +/- 26 mu m/s. Motility was maintained for up to 4 min. The maximum percentage of motile spermatozoa was observed after the third collection of sperm. The spermatozoa VCL increased significantly with subsequent collections. The results of this study provide new data on the effects of multiple collections on quantitative and qualitative parameters of sperm in sterlet. The data confirmed that the sequential stripping has no negative effect on the percentage of motility and spermatozoa velocity. This should be beneficial for the development of sterlet aquaculture programs.