Here, we describe how published results are incorporated into GO annotations

at SGD and why researchers can benefit from using these resources wisely to analyze their HTP data and predict gene functions.”
“In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as in other eukaryotic cells non-polar lipids form Flavopiridol molecular weight a reservoir of energy and building blocks for membrane lipid synthesis. The yeast non-polar lipids, triacylglycerol (TAG) and steryl ester (STE), are synthesized by enzymes with overlapping function. Recently, genes encoding these enzymes were identified and gene products were partially characterized. Once formed, TAG and STE are stored in so-called lipid particles/droplets. This compartment which is reminiscent of mammalian lipoproteins from the structural viewpoint is, however, not only a lipid depot but also an organelle actively contributing to lipid metabolism. Non-polar JAK inhibitor lipid degrading enzymes, TAG lipases and STE hydrolases, also occur in redundancy in the yeast. These proteins,

which are components of the lipid particle surface membrane with the exception of one plasma membrane localized STE hydrolase, mobilize non-polar lipids upon requirement. In this review, we describe the coordinate pathways of non-polar lipid synthesis, storage and mobilization in yeast with special emphasis on the role of the different enzymes and organelles involved in these processes. Moreover, we will discuss non-polar lipid homeostasis and its newly discovered links to various cell biological processes in the yeast. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious lesions that can lead to chromosomal anomalies, genomic instability and cancer. The histone protein H2AX has an important role in the DNA damage response (DDR) and the presence of phospho-H2AX (gamma H2AX) nuclear foci is the hallmark of DSBs. We hypothesize that ongoing DNA damage provides a mechanism by which chromosomal abnormalities and intratumor heterogeneity are acquired in malignant

plasma cells (PCs) VE 821 in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Therefore, we assessed PCs from patients with the premalignant condition, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and MM, as well as human MM cell lines (HMCLs) for evidence of DSBs. gamma H2AX foci were detected in 2/5 MGUS samples, 37/40 MM samples and 6/6 HMCLs. Notably, the DSB response protein 53BP1 colocalized with gamma H2AX in both MM patient samples and HMCLs. Treatment with wortmannin decreased phosphorylation of H2AX and suggests phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinases and/or PI3-kinase-like family members underlie the presence of gamma H2AX foci in MM cells. Taken together, these data imply that ongoing DNA damage intensifies across the disease spectrum of MGUS to MM and may provide a mechanism whereby clonal evolution occurs in the monoclonal gammopathies. Leukemia (2011) 25, 1344-1353; doi:10.1038/leu.2011.

This additive effect indicates that both PPC and LO are concurrently active and essential for efficient processing of this task. The second experiment investigated the specificity of function within the ventral stream. Performance was assessed for distance and shape discrimination when TMS was applied to our original LO site and an area rostral to V5 but still part of the lateral occipital complex (rostral LOC) that is activated in form and colour discrimination. Performance deficits were restricted to TMS over LO; no significant impairment for either task

followed TMS at the rostral LOC site. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Human neuropsychology suggests that there are two distinct body representations. Body image and body schema are, respectively, thought to be involved in conscious

BMS-754807 perceptual judgments and unconscious sensorimotor guidance. The evidence is based on the double dissociation between disorders of perceptual detection and sensorimotor guidance. Until now, research focused on cases that had impaired tactile pressure sensitivity and comparisons of performance were of cases suffering from different types of lesions (peripheral and central). Here, we report a unique double dissociation in two stroke patients with intact basic somatosensory processing (tactile detection). One patient was poor at identifying the position of where she had been touched Selleckchem Etomoxir on a line drawing of a hand, but was able to point accurately towards the actual position on her/his hand itself. The reverse pattern was observed in the other patient. This finding provides further support for separate Processing for body image and body scheme. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Here we show that pointing movements made to visual targets projected onto the palm of the hand are more precise and accurate than those made to targets projected onto back of the hand. This advantage may be related to the fact that the number of cortical bimodal neurons coding both visual and tactile stimuli increases with tactile selleck chemical receptor density, which is known

to be higher in glabrous than in hairy skin. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“People are extremely proficient at recognizing faces that are familiar to them, but are much worse at matching unfamiliar faces. We used fMR-adaptation to ask whether this difference in recognition might be reflected by an image-invariant representation for familiar faces in face-selective regions of the human ventral visual processing stream. Consistent with models of face processing, we found adaptation to repeated images of the same face image in the fusiform face area (FFA), but not in the superior-temporal face region (STS). To establish if the neural representation in the FFA was invariant to changes in view, we presented different images of the same face.